Main category
Natural Sciences (Physics)
Abstract
It is known that the poloidal field is at its maximum during solar minima, and that its behaviour during this time acts as a strong predictor of the strength of the following solar cycle. This relationship relies on the action of differential rotation (the Omega effect) on the poloidal field, which generates the toroidal flux observed in sunspots and active regions.
We measure the helicity flux into both the northern and southern hemispheres using a model that takes account of the Omega effect, which we apply to data sets covering a total of sixty years. We find that the helicity flux offers a strong prediction of solar activity up to 5 years in advance of the next solar cycle.
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