O. Steiner, M. Roth

The contribution of acoustic waves to the chromospheric heating is still an open question. To discuss this Issue, it is crucial to understand the propagation of waves from the convection zone, where the waves are excited, into the higher layers of the solar atmosphere. Traveling upwards through the atmosphere the waves interact with the magnetic field that is present in the photosphere and the chromosphere. This specific interaction takes place in the mode conversion zone, where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed. Using numerical simulations of wave propagation in a realistic solar model atmosphere, we show how dramatically this interaction influences the propagation of magneto-acoustic waves in the solar atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that due to mode conversion the waves are partially refracted back towards the convection zone and are partially transmitted into the chromosphere. Furthermore, we investigate our simulations for observational quantities to infer properties of the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic field.

By the emergence of life within Galaxies with strong Planet Formation Rates (PFR) of habitable and earth-like Planets, the possible interactions of life with itsels and the environment have to be considered as additional states within the Holographic Field. These additional states alter the overall Entropy within the Holographic Field and therefore the corresponding force law for gravity. The additional term can be interpreted as a Dark Matter contribution, as it adds up to the Newtonian law of gravity for normal baryonic matter.

By the emergence of life within a Galaxy, which is linked to the Planet Formation Rate (PFR) for habitable/earth-like Planets, the Entropy and hence the entropic Force for Gravity is altered by the consideration of additionial states within the Holographic Field due to the presence of life and its interaction with itself and the environment. The extra force term can be interpreted as Dark Matter contributions.

Current theories for Dark Matter are not possible to explain the distribution of Dark Matter (DM) within the Bullet Cluster that consists of former colliding Galaxy Clusters. Contradictory to the expected distribution of Dark Matter, whereas DM should be clumped at the location of the main visible baryonic mass distribution, the DM follows rather the mass distribution of the galaxy clusters. With the assumption that the galaxies of the two colliding clusters possess a non-zero Planet Formation Rate (PFR) for habitable planets, as should be the case by the apparent mass-distributions of the galaxies, then the appearance and distribution of Dark Matter of the Bullet Cluster can be explained by the consideration of a modified Holographic Principle - for reference see other Posters by C. Nutto.